Six Sigma Approach Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Six Sigma Approach - Essay Example In the wake of picking the low-hanging natural product, they will wind up needing a more extensive and progressively strong methodology. Subsuming six sigma underneath the procedure the board umbrella tends to those difficulties and permits organizations to receive its considerable rewards while getting it far from territories where it won't work. Since process the board involves significant changes to basically all administration frameworks, it requests supreme responsibility from officials. IT Companies that meet people's high expectations will earn uncommon prizes: cost reserve funds, however quickened new-programming presentation, significant enhancements in customer fulfillment and sharp increments in gainfulness. For those curious about Six Sigma, it is as a matter of first importance a philosophical methodology that requests the viable utilization of information to examine business issues. Key choices about business exercises presently make one wonder, How does the accessible information bolster that choice Whether the choice is a settle on purchase choice, an item change question, another model presentation question, or an assembling procedure choice, the choice on the best way to continue is reliant on the accessible information. Six Sigma is an estimation. ... the choice is a settle on purchase choice, an item change question, another model presentation question, or an assembling procedure choice, the choice on the most proficient method to continue is subject to the accessible information. Six Sigma is an estimation. An increasingly illustrative clarification can be found in a 1997 letter Welch sent to GE investors: The Six Sigma quality activity, quickly, implies going from around 3S,000 imperfections per million tasks, which is normal for most organizations, including GE, to less than 4 deformities for each million in each component in each procedure that this organization takes part in consistently. (Pande, P.S., et al. 2000) GE was not the primary enormous enterprise to attempt the Six Sigma discipline. In the ten years before 1995, various organizations started Six Sigma: Motorola, Texas Instruments, Eastman Kodak, and Allied Signal. Their revelations and triumphs were all around reported. While setting out on their own procedure, GE embraced a large number of the ideas and controls of Motorola's Six Sigma approach. (Pande, P.S., et al. 2000; Harry and Schroeder 2002) Motorola's association with Six Sigma started in 1982, when it actualized a quality-improvement program that later got known as Six Sigma. Motorola's CEO requested that corporate directors cut quality expenses down the middle that year. He rehashed the charge in 1983. By 1984, the cost-decrease endeavors were starting to highlight the requirement for improved explanatory techniques and item plan for proceeded with process improvement-and the Six Sigma discipline addressed this need. (Pande, P.S., et al. 2000; Harry and Schroeder 2002) Motorola's accentuation was on structuring for Six Sigma quality, and various propelled quality devices were utilized. Since compelling use of these instruments was fundamental, Motorola built up its broad Six Sigma

Literature Review Of Essential Oils And Aromatherapy Nursing Essay

Writing Review Of Essential Oils And Aromatherapy Nursing Essay Fragrance based treatment is maybe the most progressively well known Complementary and Alternative Medicine in this century. It is reasonable for both physiologically and mentally issues. Research and a few examinations have taken a gander at the assortment advantages of basic oils and fragrant healing in our life. Fragrance based treatment can improve the personal satisfaction and it can advance physical, mental and profound prosperity. Quite a bit of this exploration has center in advantage of fragrance based treatment and fundamental oils. Advantages of Aromatherapy: As per Life Mojo Team (2009) proposed that fragrance based treatment associate the physical and passionate impacts of back rub inside the clinical and psychotherapeutic properties of fundamental oils. Fragrant healing mitigates physical agony, trade individual state of mind, lessens pressure and recuperate the body. A fundamental oils is a fluid that refined from the leaves, stems, blossoms, bark, roots or others components of plants. It is utilized in different manners, for example, washing, back rub, inward breaths and packs. They contended that these can be profitable for recuperating physical agony in muscle just as quieting tension and facilitating other negative feelings. The boss focal points of this article are the advantages of Aromatherapy which are expanding muscle unwinding and tone. It can bring down pulse, diminish feeling of anxiety and it very well may be mitigated strain cerebral pains. It very well may be diminished stoppage and stomach fit and aides womens issues, for example, PMS (Premenstrual condition) and menopausal. Feelings like uneasiness and sadness can be reducing. The basic oils like lavender would relief be able to dry, smooth and kindled skin. Mixing fundamental oils likes lavender and rosemary can help in unwinding and uneasiness in palliative consideration. Be that as it may, fundamental oils ought to be kept away from pregnancy ladies, individuals with (hypertension) and drop individuals who accepting chemotherapy. Medical advantages of Aromatherapy Essential Oils: As indicated by Kate Le Page (2010), Aromatherapy gives alleviation from mental, physical and passionate medical issues. Now, Farrer-Halls (2005) concur with Life Mojo Team (2009) that fundamental oils diminish pressure and uneasiness, decline the probability of skin bothering and increment the advantages of mending properties. In this manner, Kate Le Page (2010) recommended that mixing oils, for example, Lavender and Sandalwood improve dozing. Additionally, basic oils are valuable in cooking, for example, in modest quantities to season nourishments, beverages and toothpaste. Advantages of Aromatherapy and Essential Oils: However, Michael Vincent (2009) recommended that fragrant healing oils can be adequacy in sports wounds, accordingly individuals having the office to act in sports of their determination action. In this way he contended that the concentrated of basic oils are both physical and enthusiastic in the body likes facial oils which are helping individuals to chill both psyche and soul. Basic oils access into blood and can viability both magnificence and wellbeing. Then again a few oils can be hurtful to the human skin because of the way that they will be bothering your skin. 7 Essential Benefits of Aromatherapy: In addition a portion of the more significant work of this sort, as Ramos (2010), recognizes the main seven advantages that happen from utilizing fragrance based treatment. At first fragrance based treatment utilizing rosemary basic oil can improve the state of mind and offer sentiments of fulfillment. Additionally through basic oils the correlative treatment can really initiate quiet, unwinding, and a profound rest for a revived inclination toward the beginning of the day. One more preferred position of fragrant healing, with applying fundamental oils, is to improve composition, by giving mitigating advantages to diminish dryness, aggravation and quiet red and harsh skin. An expert reciprocal treatment utilizing gingers and peppermints properties can ensure a help of incessant asthma. Using fragrance based treatment we can treat queasiness and stomach issues. Especially it focuses to the main phase of processing and is making a moment response to stream stomach related juices, so as to facilitate various stomach issues. Besides at the point that fragrance based treatment helps decreasing the manifestations of PMS, Ramos (2010) agreesâ with the viewâ ofâ Lifemojo Team(2009), whose article isâ stated above. Explicitly he contends that fragrance based treatment techniques, as sweet-smelling showers or a back rub with basic oils can lessen the indications of Premenstrual disorder. At long last the seventh increasingly significant bit of leeway of fragrant healing, as indicated by Ramos (2010), is that it assists with disposing of a bladder disease. A bladder disease can be dealt with immediately utilizing the basic oils and squeezing over the bladder or washing up with fundamental oils. To summarize these articles are giving the advantages of Aromatherapy and fundamental oils. Fragrant healing is a Complementary treatment that utilizations plant materials, known as fundamental oils. It is reasonable for both physiologically and mentally issues. A fundamental oil is a fluid that refined from leaves, blossoms and different components of a plant. It lighten an assortment of mental and physical wellbeing conditions and it likewise lessen feelings of anxiety. In spite of the fact that Life Mojo Team (2009), Kate Le Page (2010), Michael Vincent (2009) and Ramos (2010) present their sentiments about the advantages of fragrance based treatment and basic oils, there isâ scopeâ here forâ moreâ research that. Do you accept that Aromatherapy helps individuals with disease?

8 WordPress Plugins That Will Power Up Your Blog

8 WordPress Plugins That Will Power Up Your Blog Make Money Online Queries? Struggling To Get Traffic To Your Blog? Sign Up On (HBB) Forum Now!8 WordPress Plugins That Will Power Up Your BlogUpdated On 27/05/2019Author : HBB Guest AuthorTopic : WordPressShort URL : https://hbb.me/2j9YE69 CONNECT WITH HBB ON SOCIAL MEDIA Follow @HellBoundBlogWe all know how cool WordPress is. But that doesn’t mean we can’t make it even cooler. And that’s the best thing about WordPress. When you first get it, you’ll have enough of a functionality to post and publish whatever you’d like. However, If that’s not the option you wanna go with, you can supercharge it with the right set of tools that are necessary for your blog to stand out.With this in mind I’ve made a list of 8 WordPress plugins that aim to power up your blog by enhancing its functionality in so many ways. They target different aspects of your blog and make sure it looks and functions at its best. On with the list!WordPress Google Maps PluginGoogle maps are used for many purposes and can be found on almost all kinds of blogs and websites. Apart from maps, they also provide tons of other functionalities that will come in handy no matter what’s the focus of your blog or what’s your niche audience.Google Maps WD is a versatile and user-friendly plugin for adding functional maps to your blog. It comes with road, traffic, satellite, terrain and hybrid map styles, and allows you to spice your maps up with polygon, polyline, circle and rectangle overlays.The plugin features a store locator functionality, which shows the selected location on the map within a specified radius.It is a great option for corporate blogs or business sites. Mark any location or spot on the map with custom made icons,and give them your personal style with the available map themes and skins.The plugin, however, is not limited to only pointing out locations, it also gives the opportunity to provide directions to any location with walking, driving, bicycling and transit modes. The maps are responsive and fully customizable.WordPress Form BuilderNo matter what kind of a blog you run, the chances are high you’ll need some sort of a form on it. And the bad news is that WordPress doesn’t come with a form making functionality. No worries!Whether your visitors want to apply for a competition, register for an event,or simply contact you, Form Maker will take care of all of them. It allows you to create any kind of application, registration, survey, questionnaire, or contact forms with tons of field options that you may ever need. It comes with various text input fields for names and addresses, times and date fields, password input, country select and custom select, check box for multiple selection options, etc. You can fully customize the forms, either using the plugin settings or choosing one of the 41 editable themes that Form Maker comes with. And if the style customization options are still not enough, its theme CSS is open for editing.WordPress Slider Plug inSliders are trendy and we all love them. Why? Because they bring a nice touch to the website and are able to display various information. None of the WordPress default themes come with a slider, so if you want to feature one (or several) on your blog you need to get the right tool for it.Slider WD is the best option you can go with, as it will not only equip it with an advanced slider, but will also enhance the design of your blog with its transition effects and custom styling options. It allows you to add both images and videos to the slides, embed content from Instagram, Flickr and Dailymotion, display social sharing buttons, and spice it all up with carousel and parallax effects. The slider also supports image, video and hotspot layers and filmstrip view option. The plugin is responsive and fully customizable as well.Sumo Me PluginWant to display email subscription forms to your visitors? Encourage social sharing? Add call-to action box on your blog ? Sumo Me comes with all tha t functionality and even more. It’s a feature-packed WordPress plugin that equips your blog with a highlighter, welcome mat, heat maps, smart bar, image sharer and list building tools.READWordPress 2.9.2 ReleasedThe plugin comes with various customizable templates to make sure the pop-up boxes look exactly as you want. It’s also analytics integrated to show you what people do and where they click on your blog. The plugin is mobile optimized and ensures mobile surfers enjoy the best experience on your blog.Header and FooterTake the header and footer sections of your blog to the next level by adding various services and tools to them. Header and Footer plugin allows you to insert Google analytics code, custom tracking code, Google Webmaster tools, etc, to your blog’s header and footer parts and easily manage them. You can also insert those codes before, after or in the middle of any of your post and pages, or everywhere on your theme using placeholders. The plugin allows CSS edi ts and works out of the box.WP Super CacheA super fast loading blog is a total advantage nowadays. I don’t mean that WordPress loads slowly, but over time, as you publish more posts and, therefore, get more traffic, you may encounter loading speed issues. To guarantee your blog’s high loading speed and provide a better user experience you’ll need to check out WP Super Cache plugin. What it actually does, is serving static HTML files with mode_rewrite to your blog visitors instead of loading heavy PHP scripts. As a result your blog loads faster. It uses legacy caching feature to provides cached pages to the known users as well.All in One WP Security and FirewallWordPress is secure itself, but if your want to add some additional levels of security to it All in One WP Security and Firewall will help you to get the work done. It checks your website for security risks and vulnerabilities, and grades the level of your security based on the features that you have activated. The plugi n is equipped with advanced user account,user login, user registration, database security features, and also has a powerful security scanner tool that alerts you instantly when something goes wrong with your WordPress system. Its comments spam security function monitors your comments section and automatically blocks IP addresses that have already submitted several comments labeled as spam.WordPress SEO PluginSearch engine optimization is crucial for your blog’s success. Without proper optimization techniques it’s not gonna drive much traffic, and your blog is bound to stay unexplored. Luckily, there is a super advanced WordPress tool that is there to supercharge the optimization of your website and make it easily discoverable by search engines and your niche audience. And that’s Yoast SEO.  It helps you optimize your website for better search rankings by helping you to write keyword rich content, better headings and post titles, monitors the length of the meta descriptions of your posts, and reminds you to implement some useful techniques for better results. Its snippet preview feature instantly shows all the changes you have made to the content, and displays how your posts will look like in search results.This is a short list of highly useful WordPress plugins that are sure to power up the functionality of your blog and take it to the next level. They will bring different functionalities to it and enhance not only its features, but its look and feel likewise.If you have other great plugins in mind that I’ve missed out, please let me know by commenting below. I’d love to hear from you.Gayane Mar is a passionate web-blogger who started her blogging activity a few years ago. Her posts are all about web design and web development. She writes all these posts for good people who need some guidance or advice with web development. The driving force behind her writings is the great hope that her blog posts would be helpful for each and every one reading the m. If you are interested you can follow her own blog wpcapitan.com.

Biology Prefixes and Suffixes hem- or hemo- or hemato-

The prefix (hem- or hemo- or hemato-) refers to blood. It is derived from the Greek (haimo-) and Latin (haemo-) for blood. Words Beginning With: (hem- or hemo- or hemato-) Hemangioma (hem-angi-oma):  a tumor consisting primarily of newly formed blood vessels. It is a common benign tumor that appears as a birthmark on the skin. A hemangioma may also form on muscle, bone, or organs. Hematic (hemat-ic):  of or relating to blood or its properties. Hematocyte (hemato-cyte): a  cell of the blood or  blood cell. Commonly used to refer to a red blood cell, this term can also be used to refer to white blood cells and platelets. Hematocrit (hemato-crit): the process of separating blood cells from plasma in order to obtain the ratio of the volume of red blood cells per given volume of blood. Hematoid (hemat-oid): - resembling or relating to blood. Hematology (hemato-logy): field of medicine concerned with the study of blood including diseases of the blood and bone marrow. Blood cells are produced by blood-forming tissue in bone marrow. Hematoma (hemat-oma): abnormal accumulation of blood in an organ or tissue as a result of a broken blood vessel. A hematoma can also be a cancer that occurs in the blood. Hematopoiesis (hemato-poiesis):   the process of forming and generating blood components and blood cells of all types. Hematuria (hemat-uria): the presence of blood in urine resulting from leakage in the kidneys or another part of the urinary tract. Hematuria may also indicate a urinary system disease, such as bladder cancer. Hemoglobin (hemo-globin): iron-containing protein found in red blood cells. Hemoglobin binds oxygen molecules and transports oxygen to body cells and tissues through the bloodstream. Hemolymph (hemo-lymph): fluid similar to blood that circulates in arthropods  such as spiders and insects. Hemolymph may also refer to both blood and lymph of the human body. Hemolysis (hemo-lysis): destruction of red blood cells as a result of cell rupture.  Some pathogenic microbes, plant poisons, and snake venoms  can cause red blood cells to rupture. Exposure to high concentrations of chemicals, such as arsenic and lead, can also cause hemolysis. Hemophilia (hemo-philia): a sex-linked blood disorder characterized by excessive bleeding due to a defect in a blood clotting factor. A person with hemophilia has a tendency to  bleed uncontrollably. Hemoptysis (hemo-ptysis): the spewing or coughing up of blood from the lungs or airway. Hemorrhage (hemo-rrhage): abnormal and excessive flow of blood. Hemorrhoids (hemo-rrhoids): swollen blood vessels located in the anal canal. Hemostasis (hemo-stasis):  the first stage of wound healing in which the stoppage of blood flow from damaged blood vessels occurs. Hemothorax (hemo-thorax): an accumulation of blood in the pleural cavity (space between the chest wall and lungs).  A hemothroax  may be caused by trauma to the chest, lung infections, or a blood clot in the lungs. Hemotoxin (hemo-toxin): a toxin that destroys red blood cells by inducing hemolysis. Exotoxins produced by some bacteria are hemotoxins.

The Sociological Phenomenon Of Transgenderism - 992 Words

Dalton Stiles 4/23/15 The Sociological phenomenon of Transgenderism In today s society, we are seeing a certain group flourish with newly acquired visibility. Time magazine has recently featured a woman named Lavern Cox on the cover along with the feature article titled The Transgendered Tipping Point. Which discusses the new civil rights frontier that Lavern Cox has played a huge part towards. She was on Time magazines 2015 list of 100 Most Influential People, as well as being the first transgendered person to be nominated for an Emmy award. In 2014 she was named Woman of the Year by Glamour magazine, and was included in People magazines Worlds Most Beautiful Women list. Even though transgendered people are being represented in the†¦show more content†¦By having multiple stories about transgendered lives, such as Lavern Cox and Bruce Jenner. It allows the full scope of transgendered stories, not just one single story that the media would tend to push. People were surprised at the fact that Bruce Jenner, someone who the media held so highly as a man of power, could possible identify as a woman. He states clearly in the article You know what... it s going to be tough. I ve been thinking about this day forever and what I should do with my life. How do I tell my story, how do I tell people what I ve been through?.... Thankfully he has told his story, and added onto the list of many other transgendered celebrities making their names known in society. The benefit of having multiple stories about this, is that it lets those who are struggling with the same issues identify with those whose story has impacted them the most. Representation is very important. We have many transgendered celebrities, now all different ages, sharing their story and making their struggles known. Instead of the media only selling transgendered people as only one thing, we now see transgendered people as who they are no matter what age or race, it shows them as people. For research to be done correctly a bout sociology, these stories or narratives of people s lives are very important. So whether it is Laverne Cox and her successful pioneering of trans rights, or Bruce Jenner and his story being told after 65

Analysis Of The Book American Way By Gary Althen

I was always interested in understand wf the american (capitalize proper nouns) culture. When I first came here I noticed that americans are really independent and self-reliant individuals, so for the research I chose the topic â€Å"American friendship† so I could understand better what americans think about friendship. According to the author of the book American Ways (written by Gary Althen with Janet Bennet), americans do not like to feel dependent on someone or that someone become V dependent on them. The author also said that americans have different groups of friends. Friends to go to the movie, to study, and so on. For my research I interviewed 15 americans, namely 12 students of the University of Arkansas and 3 older friends of mine (a couple and one other friend) that I met because of a program of the UofA. The interviewees were between 20 and 50 years of age. Some of the students I already knew and a few others was s/v random students. My survey had simple questions that I though sp would be interesting to ask. Such as(P), what do they expect from a friendship, what are they prepare VT to give for a friend and if they have any international friends. Since I am a art international student and for me it has been a little hard to get to know them as a friend, I thought about this last question. The interviewees seemed surprised when I asked about the type (gender) of friends they had. â€Å"Both male and female† was he majority of art. responses (87%). Only 2 girls from

Changing Business Environment Tesco

Questions: 1.Why do you think Tesco international expansion has ,up to now been more succesful in irland,central Europe and Asia than western Europe and the United states? 2.On what factors is tesco's future success in international market likely to depend? 3.What changes in the business environments are likely to be on the horizone for tesco in the near future? Answers: 1. Success of Tescos International expansion Tesco has witnessed success in the in the international expansion of its business in Central Europe, Ireland and Asia rather than in United States and Western Europe. In the 1990s, Tesco has initially stated to expand its venture abroad in the countries of Central Europe Slovakia, Hungary, Poland and Czech Republic. However, it is seen that the Western Europe and US operations are running losses than the Asian and Central European operations (Dimitrova, Rosenbloom Andras, 2014). The whimsical shopping attitudes of the consumers of United States and the highly competitive nature of the retail market in United States are the reason of loss of the Tescos profitability in the US market. On the contrary, it can be said that the Asian market and Central European market are highly responsive. Tescos business operations at those areas are responsible for earning huge profitability of the company. International expansion of Tesco has adopted policies of mergers and acquisitions (Shannon, 201 4). However, it can be said that most of the revenue of the company is collected from the UK market compared to its business operations in other countries. Before expanding its branches in United States, Tesco has started to penetrate into United States through extending its internet business. After conducting a thorough research, Tesco has opened stores in United States in 2007 and incurred huge loss due to competitiveness of the retail market from Walmart mainly. In the Asian countries, the economy of these developing countries of Japan, Singapore, China, India, South Korea, Thailand, etc, are growing leading to increased shopping ability of the consumers (Zhao, 2014). 2. Factors of Tescos success in international market The success of multinational supermarkets in developed countries depends on the nature of the consumers of the particular country. There is a difference between the shopping patterns of developed countries like United States and Western Europe when compared to that of developing countries like Asian countries. It is seen that not only supermarkets like Tesco, Sainsburys, etc. expand in the Asian countries, but also they are expanding in saturated and matured markets also (Burt, Johansson Dawson, 2016). The process of expansion of Tesco in the international markets requires innovative strategy that will attract the consumers to the companys products. The case study forecasts that Tesco has a clear response to the competitiveness in the market. Apart from that, the trends of the market are required to be considered while making an expansion in the matured markets of United States and Western Europe (Eckman et al., 2015). The factors of success of Tesco in the international market depe nds on its quality of products and services as well as the cost leadership strategy both in the perspective of supply chain and to the customers are the reasons of increase of profitability in the company in international outlets. Apart from supermarkets, Tesco has also opened convenience stores in the different locations of the target country where opening of supermarkets are not possible. It is also considered as a factor of success of Tesco, PLC in the international expansion. The growth strategy of the company concentrates on the organic growth via increasing its number of stores in various international locations (Wood Reynolds, 2014). 3. Changes in the business environment for Tesco in near future In the near future, Tesco will face a change in the business environment of global retail market as well as in the supermarkets of the world. The competitive nature of the market will include development of technology in the departmental stores of the company that will use modern loyalty programs in order to attract more customers (Wood, Coe Wrigley, 2016). Apart from that, the development of new product using latest technologies will be the changing factors that Tesco will use for the development of business in the international market. The international competition between various supermarkets will be different in terms of the nature of the market. The case study portrays different types of market of Western Europe and Asian markets (Yoder, Visich Rustambekov, 2016). The spending nature of the customers is responsible for the building of new strategies by Tesco. The retail grocery market of UK is responsible for maximum revenue generation of Tesco. However, the case study portray s that the opportunity for future growth in the Asian market and few Central European countries are more as the saturation in the market are not yet reached in those countries till now. Hence, the possibilities of business growth are more in the Asian countries (Martnez-Ruiz et al., 2016). References Burt, S., Johansson, U., Dawson, J. (2016). International retailing as embedded business models.Journal of Economic Geography,16(3), 715-747. Dimitrova, B. V., Rosenbloom, B., Andras, T. L. (2014). Does the degree of retailer international involvement affect retailer performance?.The International Review of Retail, Distribution and Consumer Research,24(3), 243-277. Eckman, M., Sakarya, S., Hyllegard, K., Borja, M. A. G., Descals, A. M. (2015). Consumer receptiveness to international retail expansion: a cross-cultural study of perceptions of social and economic influence of foreign retailers.The International Review of Retail, Distribution and Consumer Research,25(3), 260-275. Martnez-Ruiz, M. P., Gonzlez-Gonzlez, I., Jimnez-Zarco, A. I., Izquierdo-Yusta, A. (2016). Private Labels at the Service of Retailers Image and Competitive Positioning: The Case of Tesco. InHandbook of Research on Strategic Retailing of Private Label Products in a Recovering Economy(pp. 104-125). IGI Global. Shannon, R. (2014). The expansion of modern trade food retailing in Thailand.The International Review of Retail, Distribution and Consumer Research,24(5), 531-543. Wood, S., Reynolds, J. (2014). Establishing territorial embeddedness within retail Transnational Corporation (TNC) expansion: the contribution of store development departments.Regional studies,48(8), 1371-1390. Wood, S., Coe, N. M., Wrigley, N. (2016). Multi-scalar localization and capability transference: exploring embeddedness in the Asian retail expansion of Tesco.Regional Studies,50(3), 475-495. Yoder, S., Visich, J. K., Rustambekov, E. (2016). Lessons learned from international expansion failures and successes.Business Horizons,59(2), 233-243. Zhao, S. (2014). Analyzing and Evaluating Critically Tescos Current Operations Management.Journal of Management and Sustainability,4(4), 184.

The House Of Bernarda Alba Essay Example For Students

The House Of Bernarda Alba Essay Explain the significance of the opening scene and as a director explain what impact you would like the scene to have on the audience and how you would achieve this.  The play The House of Bernarda Alba is written by Frederico Garcia Lorca. In the opening scene the playwright uses many different techniques to create a dramatic effect for the audience. I have been asked to explain the impact I would like to create as a director and how I would achieve this. As a director I would want to create an important image straight from the beginning of the play, which I feel Frederico Garcia Lorca achieved extremely well. He created a simple picture however a very memorable one. Almost like a clinic and too clean is the impression the audience first get as the curtains pull up with the very white room. This lets the audience know how obsessed Bernarda is with appearance and control. It also tells us how Bernarda feels the need to impress her neighbours constantly as she always wants to be the best and to control her daughters. The thick walls of the room the audience see gives the impression that the room is almost like a prison and caved in. Again, adding to the idea of Bernarda controlling and keeping her daughters inside away from any men. We will write a custom essay on The House Of Bernarda Alba specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Another part of Bernarda, which I feel is important to emphasise to the audience, is her constant need to be above everyone else and how highly she thinks of herself. The audience may almost feel intimidated by the arched doorways as it shows how high class Bernarda is. At this point the audience would be under a great deal of tension and pressure due to the overall silence. This period of the play where no acting takes place gives the audience time to think about the image the playwright has created and almost feel the hot temperature of Spain. As a director, this is the exact effect I would want the audience to experience. The black on the jute curtains also adds to the overall negativity the audience already feel. So again, building and building the tension. The Maid enters. She is going mad with the sound of those tolling bells which gives the impression that this part of Spain is sacred and religious. The sound also adds to the tension as it is a loud, bold sound and the audience feel as if the must not make a single sound or movement. Poncia then enters eating bread and a sausage. I think she would enter with movement different than how she would walk if Bernarda was there. She entered freely and without a care because there was nobody to give her into trouble for slouching or scuffing her feet. Poncia and the Maid then speak about Magdelena fainting and speak about her like she is pathetic and going to be alone now because her father was the only one she had. Shes the one whos going to be the loneliest, the Maid says with a tone that suggests she doesnt care about Magdelena. The two cleaners then begin to steal food from the cupboards of Bernardas house. If Bernarda should see you tells us that they are forbidden to do this and are being sneaky as they know Bernarda will not be worrying about food, only the funeral. The tone used by the Maid suggests how shocked and disguisted she was at Poncia stealing. Frederico Garcia Lorca added humor to this part of the scene as they were stealing from a widow. The movement they would make would be quiet and sly however the tone the use in their voice suggests they dont feel bad about what they are doing, just scared to get caught. .ufb20b0cc81024e56ba20f4f04db371f1 , .ufb20b0cc81024e56ba20f4f04db371f1 .postImageUrl , .ufb20b0cc81024e56ba20f4f04db371f1 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ufb20b0cc81024e56ba20f4f04db371f1 , .ufb20b0cc81024e56ba20f4f04db371f1:hover , .ufb20b0cc81024e56ba20f4f04db371f1:visited , .ufb20b0cc81024e56ba20f4f04db371f1:active { border:0!important; } .ufb20b0cc81024e56ba20f4f04db371f1 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ufb20b0cc81024e56ba20f4f04db371f1 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ufb20b0cc81024e56ba20f4f04db371f1:active , .ufb20b0cc81024e56ba20f4f04db371f1:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ufb20b0cc81024e56ba20f4f04db371f1 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ufb20b0cc81024e56ba20f4f04db371f1 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ufb20b0cc81024e56ba20f4f04db371f1 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ufb20b0cc81024e56ba20f4f04db371f1 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ufb20b0cc81024e56ba20f4f04db371f1:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ufb20b0cc81024e56ba20f4f04db371f1 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ufb20b0cc81024e56ba20f4f04db371f1 .ufb20b0cc81024e56ba20f4f04db371f1-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ufb20b0cc81024e56ba20f4f04db371f1:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The following piece of literature EssayThe audience would feel a ease now, in contrast from the tension the felt at the beginning. We are then made aware of the feelings the Maid and Poncia have towards Bernarda. Shes coming! Scrub everything clean. If Bernarda doesnt see things shine, shell pull out the few hairs I have left! emphasises that Poncia thinks she is an evil woman and she is terrified of her. But Im a good dog tells us she knows her place and will do as she is told so she doesnt upset Bernarda. Fredrico Garcia Lorca has created quite a humorous scene as some of the things the cleaners say about Bernarda is funny. Spit at her for a whole year Poncia says to emp hasise her hatred towards the woman. Poncia would have a very spiteful tone here. When the mourners enter the room when they return from the funeral we meet Bernarda for the first time. Two hundred mourners enter, all woman. This suggests that all the ladies liked Bernardas husband. Bernarda enters, leaning on a cane and there is a silence which creates tension and intimidation. Bernardas posture suggested she was the boss as she stood tall and held her head high. Every single person is in black so there is a contrast between the white room. Black also carries the extremely negative connotations. The first thing she says is Silence! to the Maid. This reinforces the sense of authority and control as she spoke with loud volume and a patronising tone. Also as the maid was on the floor and Bernarda was standing, status was a clear image. She dominates the stage and then leads the prayers. Frederico Garcia Lorca created a contrast between the previous scene as is was slightly more laid back. The playwright caused the audience to be scared and worried about what Bernarda will so or say next. The next part of the scene which I consider to be important is when Bernarda asks Adela for a fan. Adela hands her Mother a coloured fan. This is the first mention of any colour so suggests Adelas character is bold and out there. Bernarda is appauled at this and says Give me a black one and learn to respect your Fathers memory!. At this moment the Playwright wanted the audience to feel tense and shocked about how horrible the character of Bernarda is. He achieved this extremely well.  To conclue, I feel that Frederico Garcia Lorca used techiniques to create tension in the audience. He achieved this well through good use of voice and movement. The audience were constantly thinking about what Bernarda will say and this is what he wanted to achieve.

Looking At Employees Of Big Brothers Big Sisters Public Agency Social Work Essay Essays

Looking At Employees Of Big Brothers Big Sisters Public Agency Social Work Essay Essays Looking At Employees Of Big Brothers Big Sisters Public Agency Social Work Essay Essay Looking At Employees Of Big Brothers Big Sisters Public Agency Social Work Essay Essay their grade, and so on. Another of import standard is the professional experience, preferred in the field of instruction, including establishments and organisations, where an applier has been working and how long the applier has been working at that place, any wagess and other Markss of professional development. In add-on, the bureau pays a batch of attending to psychological feature of appliers carry oning psychological trials to uncover their basic dispositions and traits of character suitable for work in the bureau. Literature Review The bureau pays a batch of attending to the quality of services and effectual direction of the bureau to guarantee the high quality of mentoring being provided by professionals working at the bureau to the young person. At the same clip, the quality direction begins with the enlisting of the forces and proviso of mentoring services to kids in different states of the universe. In such a state of affairs, human resource direction in Big Brothers Big Sisters becomes important for the overall success of the organisational public presentation. On analysing the development of the Big Brothers Big Sisters bureau, many specializers ( Schein, 1999 ) point out that the bureau was traditionally oriented on the development of single attack to kids enrolled in plans of the bureau. As a consequence, the bureau had to choose the forces carefully to be able to use the best specializers, who can execute their occupation absolutely and to happen an single attack to each kid. At the same clip, the usage of the single attack to each kid enrolled in the bureau s plans implies that professionals working in the bureau can make their occupation efficaciously and, what is more of import, they can analyze the personality of kids and utilize effectual methods in mentoring them ( Furano, 1993 ) . Basically, this means that professionals working at Big Brothers Big Sisters should hold an in-depth cognition in the field of psychological science. In this respect, Big Brothers Big Sisters is interested in the employment of psychologists and professi onals with the educational background ( Clarke, 2000 ) . What is meant here is the fact that the mark employees and voluntaries the bureau is interested in are professional pedagogues and psychologists. As the affair of fact Big Brothers Big Sisters efforts to spread out its activities and supply kids with mentoring services utilizing pedagogues and psychologists working at the bureau. In this respect, it is peculiarly notable to advert the fact that Big Brothers Big Sisters employs professionals to make the voluntary occupation ( Hussey and Ong, 2000 ) . The latter is peculiarly of import, taking into consideration the fact that Big Brothers Big Sisters is non-profit bureau. Therefore, the bureau can non afford undertaking professional pedagogues and psychologists en masse to mentor kids. In this regard, specializers ( Hart, 2004 ) point out that Big Brothers Big Sisters involves voluntaries to supply kids with mentoring services. At this point, it is deserving adverting the fact that pedagogues and psychologists working at Big Brothers Big Sisters do parttime occupations and frequently they combine their work at a school, college or university with their voluntary occupation at th e bureau. As a consequence, pedagogues working at Big Brothers Big Sisters have an extended experience and they are eager to work with kids to assist them. At the same clip, Big Brothers Big Sisters employs contracted employees but these employees are employed for the direction of the bureau chiefly ( Bovee and Thill, 2005 ) . Obviously, the effectual direction is important for the positive organisational public presentation and endurance of the non-profit bureau because Big Brothers Big Sisters can non afford transporting on its mentoring service, if the bureau is managed ill and is running out of money. On the other manus, the managerial staff of the company is non wholly contracted ( Peters, 2007 ) . In other words, there are both contracted and non-contracted directors working at the bureau. The employment of non-contracted employees and directors is highly of import for the bureau because these employees and directors bring in enthusiasm in the work of the bureau. These employees and directors are concerned with their work and they do non see fiscal wagess and material benefits as the ultimate end of their work. Alternatively, they are concerned with the non-material values and benefits they can give to kids enrolled in the bureau s plans. Furthermore, the bureau conducts the scheme of the employment of contract employees for preparation ( Notorantonio, 2006 ) . The preparation of the forces is really of import for the bureau and comprises an built-in portion of the organisational civilization and scheme of Big Brothers Big Sisters. The development of the bureau is accelerated due to the preparation of employees working at Big Brothers Big Sisters. In this regard, it is deserving adverting the fact that Big Brothers Big Sisters provide professionals working at the bureau to better their making through preparation. In such a manner, the voluntary occupation in the bureau allows professionals working at Big Brothers Big Sisters to develop their professional accomplishments and abilities and to increase their professional degree. From the really get downing it would be indispensable to observe that human resources are in the centre of the probe of BBBS public bureau. It is indispensable to observe that Big Brothers and Big Sisters is non-profit-making organisation that is why it has a twine trade with the volunteering and realisations of the plans it provides got to match to modern-day U.S statute law. It is a good known fact that the company plays in the service oriented industry and the corporate values of the non-profit-making organisation drama rather a important function in matching to the Equal Employment Opportunity policies provided within the Civil Rights Act in 1964 covering with the protectionism the Equal Employment Opportunity: forbid the prejudiced patterns in hiring, dispatching, publicity, layoff, and wage of workersaˆÂ ¦these policies extend to the preparation, choice, or enlisting of workers ( United States Commission on Human Rights, 1969 ) . It will non be surprising that the compan y, runing on the high quality degree and playing a noticeable function in public service and working with kids, keeps to the equality policy in all the beginnings covering with human resource direction and hiring, particularly the facet of equal payment. As every successful public bureau that wishes to match to the modern-day development of HR policies and supply successful plans Big Brothers and Big Sisters public bureau supports medical insurance and benefits system for its workers, industry compensation and net income sharing benefits for those most unmarked group in the industry the client service and ramp workers. Another important jurisprudence that regulates retirement plans and protects the employees is Employee Retirement Income Security Act ( ERISA ) . It should be noted that the company does non distribute any information about the retirement plans. It happens because BBBS employs chiefly immature people, which would be easier to acquire along with the kids, the nucleus mark group of this public bureau. The followers will exemplify what is called volunteering for BBBS: You have the chance to assist determine a kid s hereafter for the better by authorising them to accomplish. And the best portion is, it is really a batch of merriment and you can portion the sorts of activities you like to make with your small. You can play athleticss together, travel on a hiking, read books, eat a pizza with excess anchovies or merely give some advice and inspiration. Whatever it is you enjoy, odds are you ll bask them even more with your Small and you ll be doing a life-changing impact ( BBBS, 2010 ) . It will non be a secret that utilizing voluntary s aid could be related for the regular employees have as so called provisional period in order to understand what is the nucleus purpose of their work and does it suit for those who want to maintain on working in the industry of public service and societal working. Large Brother and Big Sisters is considered to be a public bureau that employs a batch of people and it would be obvious to observe that such service oriented company should correlate it recruitment policies with the Equal Pay Act, which provided a important influence on the company s HR and protects work forces and adult females who perform well equal work in the same constitution from sex-based pay favoritism ( Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, 2009 ) . Large Brothers and Big Sisters public bureau seeks for the energetic people who eager to work in societal domain and understanding the troubles connected with societal working, particularly with such a debatable inquiry as turning up healthy new coevalss. The company provides a figure of benefits for the workers and their households, pulling people who are intended to recognize themselves within the corporation. Harmonizing to the independent probes BBBS Public Agency is a just public bureau, which HR construction and hiring does non really match to the modern-day American norms and statute law. Hence the information covering with the benefits and compensation could barely be observed within the organisation. It should be noted that the company employs a figure of people lawfully and among the benefits it provides, despite medical insurance is changeless instruction and sharing experience between the different sections located all over the state. It should be noted that BBBS is a immense bureau and so ill developed system of benefits and compensation could barely add to its popularity as a public bureau. Taking attention about the new coevalss and the hereafter of the state is truly deserving of praising. But such an old societal establishment should be more careful and attentive to their work demands and demands for the changeless growing It would be indispensable to observe that developing good benefits and compensation system for the employers and edifice HR policies on the wages and benefit system the company would do the BBBS Public Agency attractive for extremely qualified and perspective workers and specializers, who are eager to have competitory rewards and extra figure of fillips for them and their households. It goes without stating that such a system needs important betterment. The major end of the bureau is to mentor kids and assist them to happen their ain manner in their professional calling. In such a context, Big Brothers Big Sisters bureau pays a peculiar attending to the preparation and professional development of its employees and voluntaries to guarantee the high quality of their work and positive organisational public presentation to maximise the effectivity of the work of the bureau and minimise costs spent by the bureau on the care of its installations and human resources. First of wholly, it is of import to put accent on the fact that Big Brothers Big Sisters bureau focuses on the usage of attacks which allow the bureau to develop and develop employees and voluntaries within the bureau ( Furano, 1993 ) . The company uses portion cognition plan, which involves preparation classs for employees working within the bureau. The preparation plan includes the organisation of developing squads headed by a manager, who conducts the preparation. Team members portion their cognition and experience they have acquired in the class of their work. The manager works as a usher to squad members. As it was written before the manager besides play a important function in educational plans for the employees. It goes without stating that is really responsible and of import procedure in the bureau. In this regard, the cognition sharing direction is an highly effectual scheme used by the bureau in relation to its employees and voluntaries. The cognition sharing direction implies the organisation of preparation classs and plans within the bureau affecting employees working in the bureau merely. In fact, this means that employees working in the bureau portion their professional cognition and experience with each other in the class of their preparation plans. As a regulation, more experient employees train new comers, whereas directors can develop voluntaries and employees to execute their occupations decently ( Peters, 2007 ) . As the bureau has started to distribute its operations internationally, professionals working in the US trained new employees and voluntaries recruited in other states. As a consequence, the bureau did non affect professionals and trainers from other companies and, therefore, saved costs on preparation and professional development of its employees. Another effectual attack to preparation and professional development of employees used by Big Brothers Big Sisters bureau is the deputation. The deputation means that employees change their places and execute maps and responsibilities of each other, replacing each other ( Beiswinger, 1985 ) . In such a manner, employees learn to execute the occupation of other employees. They get new experience and spread out their professional cognition, develop new accomplishments and abilities ( Greif, 1997 ) . In add-on, they become more responsible and able to understand other employees better because they perform their maps and cognize troubles of their work ( Hussey and Ong, 2000 ) . In such a manner, the deputation contributes non merely to the professional development and preparation of employees but besides to the betterment of interpersonal relationships within the organisation and formation of the positive organisational civilization. The appraisal of the effectivity of the preparation plan is grounded on the employment of pupils mentored by BBBS professionals. At the same clip, the work of each professional is assessed on the footing of his or her appraisal by his or her co-workers, who rate the work of the mark employee from one to ten points severally to his or her success and effectivity. It is of import to reason that BBBS is an effectual organisation that helps kids and immature people to happen their manner in their professional and personal life. Through instruction, BBBS helps the younger coevals to get down a successful and socially incorporate life. Today, the bureau operates internationally that increases the function and effectivity of BBBS as a non-profit organisation. Specialists ( Keener, 1999 ) point out that Big Brothers Big Sisters bureau stresses the importance of the employment of well-qualified professionals to maximise the effectivity of the organisational public presentation and to guarantee the high quality of mentoring services being delivered to kids enrolled in the bureau s services. In this respect, the bureau efforts to keep the high professional degree of its employees and promote their voluntary occupation. On the other manus, the bureau efforts to steer and mentor kids enrolled in its plans throughout their instruction and professional dev elopment to the point, when kids can get down their professional calling. Therefore, taking into history all above mentioned, it is of import to put accent on the fact that Big Brothers Big Sisters bureau uses the cognition sharing direction and deputation as the major attacks to preparation and professional development of its employees and voluntaries. Both attacks are effectual and contribute to the professional development of employees and betterment of the organisational civilization. Decision. Recommendations for Further Improvement of HRM Strategies at BBBS. After careful alteration of the Big Brother and Big Sisters HR schemes, functionality and undertaking public presentation at that place have been drawn out a series of recommendations that will assist to better the HR organisation in the public bureau. It would be indispensable to get down with drawbacks. The most important disadvantage noticed within the human resource scheme of BBBS is societal exposure of the workers. This non-profit-making organisation, despite its high degree organisation and purpose to pull extremely qualified professionals does non supply satisfactory system for the employees and voluntaries, who are working on it. This is the first thing needed betterment. Human resources schemes in public bureaus should include societal protection and compensation and benefit system for employees. This would do the work in this bureau more attractive and provide dependable dealingss between employees and employers. This drawback should be improved every bit far as possible, as it was mentioned before the bureau is seeking for extremely qualified professionals to take the squads and supply undertaking public presentation preparations for the staff. Unfortunately information about the staff turnover is non available for the bureau. But it would of import to observe that development of effectual compensation and benefits plan would significantly diminish material turnover within the bureau and do the professional be more interested in working at BBBS. Another strategic drawback that is among the most noticeable is age favoritism. In their hiring schemes Big Brothers Big Sisters public bureau East chiefly on the young person as the mark group for the employment ( it chiefly deals with the voluntaries and the aims and plans the bureau has ) . But it wo nt be a secret that modern-day preparation plans developed by the public bureaus could easy accommodate to those who are in their after 40-s. The aim of the bureau could be interpreted and include non merely youth in the employment plans of the bureau but people which are elder than 40-s. That would assist to develop effectual preparation plans for voluntaries and profession and concentrate on the better organisation of the undertaking public presentation. The cognition and experience of such employees would give bureau the new breath. This information is particularly acute in the present twenty-four hours deficiency of professionals to take the squads and manage and develop preparati on plans for the voluntaries. It goes without stating that solution of these nucleus jobs would better current state of affairs with the firing HR countries in BBBS

Report of Toyota Lab Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Of Toyota - Lab Report Example gement mechanism- in order to allow every signatory to translate the mission of the UNGC, it has set goals at both international and local levels to diffuse through all layers of businesses and society. Since inception, Toyota has zeroed in on sustainable development and eco-friendly technology by providing innovative and quality automobiles to the society that are more fuel efficient (Appendix 1) (Toyota n.d). To elaborate further, we have categorized the business practices at Toyota into sections that detail about how it strives to keep pace with international treaties and regulations. Corporate Social Responsibility- Economic development should be shared with environment protection, this is the core element of Toyota and as such, it has incorporated biodiversity guidelines in its Charter and Code of Conduct. TMC has drafted a Corporate Social Responsibility policy that fits well to the guiding principles of the Global Compact. The environment plan in the CSR policy includes manufacturing competencies and designing with recycling capabilities. Supply Chain Regulations- In order to abide by the environmental regulations, TMC checks the labor conditions, local and community situations and the environment on whole before establishing alliance with any of the suppliers. The suppliers are even monitored and trained to determine whether they abide by the guiding principles of Toyota. Raw Materials- Toyota abides by the REACH Regulation (Registration, Evaluation, Authorization and Restriction of Chemical Substances) of the European Parliament that directs the suppliers to consider the safety of SVHC (Substances of Very High Concern) in their supply chains. As such, Toyota adheres to the current REACH regulations and has designed its supply chain with an environment perspective where most of its raw materials are recyclable. Recycling- As discussed above, Toyota maintains an Automotive Shredder Residue (ASR) recycling plant with a recovery rate of 80% (Steinweg

Population genetics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Population genetics - Essay Example The equilibrium is the direct consequence of the segregation of alleles at meiosis in heterozygotes. Numerically, the equilibrium shows that irrespective of the particular mixture of genotypes in the parental generation, the genotypic distribution after one round of mating is completely specified by the allelic frequency p. One consequence of the Hardy-Weinberg proportions is that rare alleles are virtually never in homozygous condition. An allele with a frequency of 0.001 occurs in homomygotes at a frequency of only one in a million; most copies of rare alleles are found in heterozygotes. In general, since two copies of an allele are in homozygotes but only one copy of that allele is in each heterozygote, the relative frequency of the allele in the heterozygotes(as opposed to homozygotes) is: Which for q=0.001 is a ratio 999:1. Thus, the frequency of heterozygote carriers of rare genes that are deleterious in a homozygous condition is much greater than the frequency of the affected homomygotes. In our derivation of the equilibrium, we assumed the allelic frequency p is the same in sperm and eggs.

Audit of Syphilis Screening in Pregnancy

Audit of Syphilis Screening in Pregnancy Tables Table 1:Syphilis confirmatory test results for forty nine  pregnant woman 18 Table 2:Syphilis screening results of eleven new-borns of  positive syphilis mother 24 Table 3: Positive syphilis confirmatory test results for sixteen  pregnant woman 30 Figures Figure 1: The laboratory turnaround time of syphilis screening  for mothers 28 Figure 2: The laboratory turnaround time of syphilis screening  for new-borns 28 Tables Table 1: Syphilis confirmatory test results for forty nine pregnant woman 18 Table 2: Syphilis screening results of eleven new-borns of positive syphilis mothers 24 Table 3: Positive syphilis confirmatory test results for sixteen pregnant woman 30 Figures Figure 1: The laboratory turnaround time of syphilis screening for mothers Figure 2: The laboratory turnaround time of syphilis screening for new-borns ABSTRACT Objective: A re-audit of syphilis screening in pregnancy was carried out to ensure that the improvements in laboratory and clinical aspects of management for the antenatalof pregnant women with positive syphilis screening and their new-born babies fully met were in accordance with the UK National Guidelines on the Management of Syphilis (Kingston et al., 2008) and the Guidelines for the Management of Syphilis in Pregnancy and the Neonatal Period (Stringer et al., 2013). Methods: Patients’ data were collected via query of the three databases: Clinisys Labcentre, Telepath and EuroKing. The n the data were analysed using Microsoft Access 2013. Results: Samples from Forty nine49 pregnant woman with positive syphilis results serology were referred to a reference laboratory laboratory were sent to MRI for syphilis serological confirmatory testing. Sixteen pregnant woman with of these women were confirmed to have had had positive syphilis were identified. Ten pregnant woman were re-tested screened at least twice during their pregnancy and six pregnant woman were only screened tested once during pregnancy. Over-testing of for treponemal IgM were seen in nineteen patients[h1] with non-reactive RPR titre. Only eleven babies born to mothers with syphilis were followed-up with serial serological tests for syphilis. Only four new-borns were fully screened. Some of the new-borns were not tested with treponemal IgM due to sample insufficiency. Conclusion: There were some improvements seen since the first audit which includes the changes of the confirmatory testing schedule in MRI, lower screening false positive rate, and increased follow-up of the new-borns. There were also things to improve in the management of syphilis in pregnancy and the new-borns of positive syphilis mothers. Treponemal IgM test should be performed only when the RPR test were reactive to prevent over-testing of patients. The test algorithm for screening of syphilis in new-borns should give priority to RPR test and treponemal IgM to prevent under-testing[h2]. In-house confirmatory testing should be considered to allow reduction of test turnaround time’s thereby aiding patient management.Improvements[h3] should be made in the management of syphilis in pregnancy and the new-borns of positive syphilis mothers. Treponemal IgM test should be performed only when the RPR test were reactive to prevent over-testing of patients. The test algorithm for screening of sy philis in new-borns should give priority to RPR test and treponemal IgM to prevent under-testing[h4]. 1.0  INTRODUCTION 1.1  Syphilis Syphilis is an infectious disease caused by Treponema pallidum (T.pallidum) subspecies pallidum. The disease is transmitted from human to human, and humans are its only known natural host (Woods 2005). Epidemiologically, in the UK, cases of syphilis have increased in England since 1997 led by a series of outbreaks reported from Manchester, London and Brighton (Health Protection Agency 2009). Since 1999, diagnoses of infectious syphilis have been made in heterosexuals where the outbreaks are linked to sex work, students and young people. But, there was a changing pattern of infection between 1999 and 2008, when seventy three percent of new diagnoses of infectious syphilis were reported in men who have sex with men (Health Protection Agency 2009). The transmission is primarily by sexual activity (Zeltser Kurban 2004) (vaginal and anal intercourse) and by direct contact with active primary or secondary lesions (Lafond Lukehart 2006) for example through oral sex and kissing at or near an infectious lesion (Kent Romanelli 2008). T.pallidum may invade the host through normal mucosal membranes and also through minor abrasions in the skin (Zeltser Kurban 2004) such as from sexual trauma, causing an inflammation, ulcer and then spreading through the blood stream to other parts of the body (Goh 2005). 1.2  Syphilis in Pregnancy Mothers with untreated syphilis may seriously complicate their pregnancy. Vertical transmission of T.pallidum across the placenta (Singh Romanowski 1999) can occur at any time during pregnancy (Vaules et al., 2000; Oswal Lyons 2008), this leads to wide dissemination of the spirochete in the fetus (Woods 2005). Fetal infection resulting in spontaneous abortion, still-birth, premature delivery, non-immune hydrops fetalis and also congenital infection (Singh Romanowski 1999; Vaules et al., 2000; Ledger 2000). Vertical transmission may occur at any stage of syphilis infection. However, the transmission is more common in mothers with primary and secondary stage of syphilis (Singh Romanowski 1999; Vaules et al., 2000; Oswal Lyons 2008) as the risk of transmission depends on the levels of spirochaetemia which are higher in these stages compared to other stages (Vaules et al., 2000). Syphilis may also be transmitted during birth by contact of the new born with the mother’s genita l lesion (Ledger 2000; Berman 2004). 1.3  Congenital Syphilis Signs of infection for early congenital syphilis may appear within the first two years of the infant’s life with clinical manifestations include hepatosplenomegaly, rash, fever, and signs of neurosyphilis, especially bulging fontanel, seizures, and cranial nerve palsies (Mattei et al., 2012; De Santis et al., 2012). As for late congenital syphilis, the sign of infection may only be seen over the first two decades with clinical manifestations such as frontal bossing, nasal cartilage destruction, and dental abnormalities (Mattei et al., 2012; De Santis et al., 2012). Congenital syphilis leads to multiple organ infection because of the widespread haematogenous dissemination (De Santis et al., 2012) that will further cause death in the fetus or new born. However, the disease is almost preventable if mothers with syphilis are treated early in pregnancy (Walker Walker 2007). 1.4  Serologic Test Diagnosis of syphilis is made based on clinical signs and symptoms, microscopic examination and serologic tests (Little 2005). Two types of serologic testing were available; non-treponemal specific tests and treponemal specific tests (Clyne Jerrard 2000). Non-treponemal tests are widely used for testing and screening for syphilis as they are rapid, simple and inexpensive (Ratnam 2005). The example of  non-treponemal tests include the Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (VDRL) test and the rapid plasma reagin (RPR) test (Kent Romanelli 2008). Due to the rate of false-positive results which present in about one to two percent for these tests, the positive results have to be confirmed by sets of treponemal-specific tests such as the T.pallidum particle agglutination (TPPA) test, T.pallidum haemagglutination (TPHA) test and treponemal enzyme immunoassay (EIA) test (Kent Romanelli 2008). 1.4.1  Antenatal Screening The detection and treatment of infectious syphilis are extremely important in preventing congenital syphilis (Chakraborty Luck 2007; Simms Broutet 2008). An effective antenatal screening programme can have a huge impact in the way of managing both mother and baby. All pregnant women should be screened for syphilis at their first antenatal appointment (French et al., 2009) and the test should be repeated early in the third trimester (Goh Thornton 2007). Also, all infants born to seropositive mothers should be examined at birth and at monthly intervals for three months until it is confirmed that serological tests are and remain negative (Oswal Lyons 2008). The primary screening tests recommended (Kingston et al., 2008) are either treponemal EIA or TPPA/TPHA. If the screening test is positive, it must be confirmed by either one of the opposite tests. VDRL or RPR will be performed when the confirmatory test gives positive results (Kingston et al., 2008). 1.5  Audit on Diagnostics of Syphilis in Pregnancy The diagnosis of infectious syphilis in women in the UK increased between 1999 and 2007. The increase of syphilis cases in women has also led to the re-emergence of congenital syphilis in the UK which may suggest sub-optimal management of patients with syphilis (Health Protection Agency 2009). In 2011, an audit on diagnosis of syphilis in pregnancy was performed at the Pennine Acute NHS Trust (PAHT) to ensure the syphilis screening in pregnant women and also the serological diagnostic of their new-born babies followed the UK standard for Microbiology Investigations in Serological Diagnosis of Syphilis which were introduced by Public Health England in 2007 (Public Health England 2014b). The purpose of introducing the standard was to assure equivalence in the investigation strategies in different laboratories across the UK (Public Health England 2014b). The audit reveals the concerns about the delays in syphilis confirmations and insufficient follow-up for new-borns of positive syphilis mothers. At least eighteen percent of positive syphilis cases took more than one month for confirmation and the turnaround time for eleven percent of the syphilis screening cases out of forty five cases took more than one week. It is also found that there was inconsistency in performing treponemal IgM test where fifty three percent of cases (twenty four cases out of forty five cases) were not tested for treponemal IgM. For the management of neonates, only four new-borns were followed-up and among four new-borns, only one have been followed up according to the guidelines. Recommendations made from the audit includes the improvement of time to confirmation of specimens, changes of confirmation test by using treponemal IgM to all pregnant woman, referral of all pregnant woman with inconclusive syphilis confirmation to Genitourinary Medicine (GUM) clinic and management of new-borns where follow-up should be completed according to the guidelines provided (Vladana et al., 2011). 1.6  Re-audit of Syphilis Screening in Pregnancy A re-audit of syphilis screening in pregnancy at the PAHT was performed to discover if changes made after the first audit recommendations have led to the improvement of services. The re-audit was carried out three years after the first audit done in 2011. The re-audit aimed to ensure that the improvements in laboratory and clinical aspects of management for the antenatal women with positive syphilis screening and their new-born babies were in accordance with the UK National Guidelines on the Management of Syphilis (Kingston et al., 2008) and the Guidelines for the Management of Syphilis in Pregnancy and the Neonatal Period (Stringer et al., 2013). 2.0  METHODOLOGY 2.1  Background The PAHT comprises four major district general hospitals; North Manchester General, Fairfield General Hospital, Rochdale Infirmary and The Royal Oldham. Some 12,000 women annually present for antenatal care. Women usually attend for antenatal care at one of three antenatal clinics or one of several General Practice Clinics within the community. In the UK antenatal infectious disease screening is usually performed at three months gestation (http://www.screening.nhs.uk/). Women are offered screening for rubella immunity, hepatitis B virus infection, human immunodeficiency virus infection and T.pallidum (syphilis) infection. Among 12,000 women screened within the PAHT in the period 1st January 2013 to 31st December 2013, a series of forty nine pregnant woman with positive syphilis serology were identified. To determine whether syphilis screening and follow up care of babies born to these mothers followed the UK Guidelines of the Management of Syphilis (Kingston et al., 2008) and the Gui delines for the Management of Syphilis in Pregnancy and the Neonatal Period (Stringer et al., 2013), a retrospective study was performed. 2.2  Diagnosis of Syphilis Pathway Patients’ blood sample was collected with informed consent at the antenatal clinic and laboratory test requests were made. The patients’ information was recorded in the maternity information system database; â€Å"EuroKing† (Euroking, Chertsey, Surrey, UK). Samples were transported to The Royal Oldham Hospital (TROH) microbiology laboratory via the hospital transport system to be tested. Patient demographic information was recorded in the laboratory data system Clinisys Labcentre (Clinisys, Chertsey, Surrey, UK). If the syphilis screening test was negative, a report was generated and then posted to the antenatal clinics where the sample came from. If the syphilis screening test was positive, the sample was sent to a reference laboratory, Manchester Medical Microbiology Partnership Laboratory at Manchester Royal Infirmary (MRI) for confirmatory testing. Testing at the MRI comprises two treponemal enzyme immunoassay tests for total treponemal antibody; a T.pallidum specific assay (EIA); the T.pallidum particle agglutination assay (TPPA); the reagin precipitin assay (RPR) and where appropriate a T.pallidum specific IgM enzyme immunoassay (IgM) in accordance with national guidelines (Kingston et al., 2008). These results were recorded in the MRI laboratory database system, (Telepath; CSC Healthcare, Banbury, Oxfordshire, UK) and a printed copy of the patient test results was sent back to TROH microbiology laboratory. The reference laboratory report was transcribed onto the Clinisys Labcentre system and a printed report was generated to be to the antenatal clinics. Finally, the patients’ report received by the antenatal clinics was recorded in the patients’ notes and updated in the EuroKing system. 2.3  Data Collection Data collection for the study was accomplished via query of the three databases: the PAHT laboratory database system, Clinisys Labcentre, the MRI database system, Telepath and the maternity information system database, EuroKing. The data gathered including the patients’ hospital number, NHS number and specimen number, date of birth, the date of sample collection and report, and also the syphilis serology data which includes the patients’ treponemal EIA, TPPA, RPR and treponemal IgM results. The sample collection and sample reported data were obtained to investigate the turnaround time taken for the diagnosis within the laboratory. 2.4  Analysis of Data The laboratory system data was presented as Microsoft Excel spreadsheets (Microsoft Corporation, Seattle, USA). All the patients’ data were then imported and assembled in Microsoft Access 2013 (Microsoft Corporation, Seattle, USA). The data for the forty nine pregnant woman with positive syphilis serology were analysed using Microsoft Access 2013 (Microsoft Corporation, Seattle, USA). 2.5  Clinical Audit This was conducted under the Clinical Audit provision of the NHS National Research Ethics Committee (National Research Ethics Service 2008). The work was registered and approved as a Clinical Audit with the Clinical Audit Department of the PAHT. Data analysed was anonymised before release from the Trust to comply with Data Protection Guidelines (Caldicott Committee 1997). The clinical audit used the UK National Guidelines on the Management of Syphilis (Kingston et al., 2008) as a standard. 3.0  RESULTS Fifty positive syphilis serology results were identified from forty nine pregnant woman undergoing routine antenatal infectious disease screening at TROH microbiology laboratory. All specimens were screened with Chemiluminescent Microparticle Immunoassay test using the Abbott Architect Syphilis TP Assay (Abbott Diagnostics, Chicago, USA). The fifty specimens were also sent to the Manchester Medical Microbiology Partnership Laboratory, MRI which acts as a reference laboratory for syphilis serological confirmatory testing. 3.1  Confirmation Methods by MRI The reference laboratory confirms syphilis screening with two treponemal EIAs, a semi-quantitative TPPA, a semi-quantitative RPR, and where appropriate a T.pallidum specific EIA for IgM antibody in accordance with national guidelines (Kingston et al. 2008). The first treponemal EIA test was the same Abbott Architect Syphilis TP Assay (Abbott Diagnostics, Chicago, USA) used at TROH for syphilis serological testing; the second treponemal EIA test used the DiaSorin Liaison XL System (DiaSorin S.p.A, Saluggia, Italy), the semi-quantitative TPPA was the Serodia TPPA Assay (Fujirebio Diagnostics, Inc., Tokyo, Japan), the semi-quantitative RPR was the Abbott Syfacard – RR card test (Abbott Diagnostics, Chicago, USA), and the T.pallidum specific EIA for IgM were run using CAPTIA Syphilis-IgM Assay (Trinity Biotech, Ireland, UK). Where necessary, further testing using T.pallidum specific immunoblotting and/or T.pallidum specific polymerase chain reaction testing are also used in confir mation testing. All specimens were confirmed using treponemal EIA, TPPA and RPR but only about twenty nine specimen out of fifty specimen were tested using treponemal IgM. There were seventeen positive screening with syphilis and thirty three negative screening with syphilis. Negative screening was defined by having negative results for either one or both treponemal EIA, TPPA titres of less than 1:80 and RPR titre of less than 1:2; positive results were defined by having positive results for both treponemal EIAs, a TPPA titre of greater than or equal to 1:160, RPR titre greater than or equal to 1:2 and positive results of treponemal IgM (Table 1). Table 1: Syphilis confirmatory test results for forty nine pregnant woman. Patient numbers with symbol â€Å"*† are pregnant woman with positive syphilis results. Patient Test TEIA1 TEIA2 TPPA RPR IgM EIA InterpretationResult 1 1 Positive Negative Negative Negative Not Done Negative *2 1 Positive Positive 1:640 Negative Not Done Positive 2 Positive Positive 1:320 Negative Negative 3 1 Positive Negative Negative Negative Not Done Negative 4 1 Positive Negative Negative Negative Not Done Negative *5 1 Positive Positive 1:5120 1:64 Not Done Positive 2 Positive Positive 1:5120 1:64 Not Done 3 Positive Positive 1:2560 1:8 Not Done Patient Test TEIA1 TEIA2 TPPA RPR IgM EIA Result 6 1 Positive Negative Negative Negative Negative Negative *7 1 Positive Positive 1:640 Negative Not Done Positive *8 1 Positive Positive 1:1280 Negative Not Done Positive 2 Positive Positive 1:2560 1:1 Not Done 9 1 Negative Negative Negative Negative Not Done Negative 10 1 Positive Negative Negative Negative Negative Negative 11 1 Positive Negative Negative Negative Not Done Negative 2 Positive Negative Negative Negative Not Done *12 1 Positive Positive 1:5120 1:4 Negative Positive 2 Positive Positive 1:5120 1:4 Not Done Patient Test TEIA1 TEIA2 TPPA RPR IgM EIA Interpretation *13 1 Positive Positive 1:640 1:64 Not Done Positive 14 1 Positive Negative Negative Negative Negative Negative 15 1 Positive Negative Negative Negative Not Done Negative 16 1 Positive Negative Negative Negative Not Done Negative 17 1 Positive Negative Negative Negative Negative Negative 18 1 Positive Negative Negative Negative Not Done Negative 2 Positive Negative Negative Negative Not Done *19 1 Positive Positive 1:640 Negative Not Done Positive 2 Positive Positive 1:1280 Negative Not Done 20 1 Positive Negative Negative Negative Not Done Negative Patient Test TEIA1 TEIA2 TPPA RPR IgM EIA Result 21 1 Positive Negative Negative Negative Not Done Negative *22 1 Positive Positive 1:640 1:4 Not Done Positive 2 Positive Positive 1:1280 1:4 Not Done 23 1 Positive Negative Negative Negative Not Done Negative 24 1 Positive Negative Negative Negative Not Done

car accident :: essays research papers

Traumatic events come in many different ways at many different times of ones life. Mine came on the school bus while I was on my way home from school. The bus had stopped to let a couple kids off and I stood up to throw some trash away. I stood up we were rear ended by a young lady who had been trying to get a bee out of the car and not realized the bus had stopped. I was standing up and the impact caused me to bang into the seat in front of me and the one behind me. I didn’t realize what had happened until moments later when someone said something. As I began to sit down I felt a sharp pain shoot through my body and my heart started to beat rapidly.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The accident made me realize that nothing is for certain and you shouldn’t take anything for granted. I had always viewed riding a school bus has something that wouldn’t put me in danger, after all the drivers are trained professionals, right? What I never considered was the actions of others and how complete strangers can change your life in a bigger and more significant way than some of the people closes to you. I had never really considered dying at a young age because my grandparents lived to be old. After that bus ride home my outlook on life was severely changed and I started to appreciate my parents more an tell them I loved them a lot more often because wasn’t sure if we’d both be around to say it the next time.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The car accident will always be a major moment in my life because of what it showed me. That accident gave me visual proof that God has a plan for everyone and everything has a reason or hidden message. Just when I was coming to a point in my life where I was beginning to see where I fit in at school, it reminded me to cherish every moment has though it was my last, because I don’t know when it’ll be over.

Important Events in Contemporary History

INT1010 Contemporary World One Event #1: The Korean War 1950 On June 25th 1950, communist North Korea proceeded to invade western- supported South Korea to unite Korea by force. Significance to contemporary history: Event #2: Malayan Independence 1957 What happened? Significance to contemporary history: Malayan Independence reinforced the ending of colonialism in South East Asia. Also, it signified the ability and right to self-rule for previously colonized states. Following independence, Malaya’s tin and rubber export also gave a significant boost to the US dollar. Event #3: The formation of the Berlin Wall 1961 What happened? In August 1961, a physical partition of between East and West Germany was put in place in Berlin under the command of President Khrushchev. Significance on contemporary history: The Berlin Wall symbolized the acceptance of the status quo in Europe by both sides. The most significant aspect of the Berlin Wall is arguably the fact that it clarified worldwide the difference between the two superpowers and their varying political system. The Berlin Wall went on to become the symbol of the ultimate measure of inadequacy of communism. Event #4: The Cuban Missile Crisis 1962 Significance to contemporary history: The Cuban Missile Crisis marks the first and only time the world has come close to a nuclear war. As a result, both The Soviet Union and The United States worked towards improving their communication and easing tensions, which led to the creation of a ‘hot-line’ between American and Soviet capitals. However, both parties also continued the development of their nuclear weapons, which resulted in a world of mutually assured destruction (MAD). Event #5: Islamic Revolution In Iran (also known as the Iranian Revolution) 1979 What happened? Significance in contemporary history: The revolution brought much attention to Islam and interest in the concept â€Å"neither East nor West† that is, not American or Soviet policies. The newly Islamic republic also called for the overthrow of or other monarchies and the replacement of them with Islamic leaders. Internally, the revolution gave rise to the improvement of healthcare and education while also, eliminating secularism and the American influence in the government. Bibliography Timon Singh, ‘The Construction of The Berlin Wall’, 2009, http://www. euinfrastructure. com/news/construction-of-the-berlin-wall/, accessed 23 March 2010 Anthony Best, International History of the Twentieth Century and Beyond, Oxon 2004, p240-242, 250-253, 463-466.

Human Nature Is Good, And Being A Beast - 1165 Words

Thomas Hobbes was an English philosopher, and the author of Leviathan. Hobbes declared that human life was â€Å"solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short†(Hobbes, 107). Hobbes felt that the natural state of man was beast-like, and savage. Thus, he felt that it is civilization that influences and challenges humanity from our fundamental wickedness. Within his view, human nature is dangerous; which can only be rescued through culture and community. According to Hobbes, being â€Å"civilized† is good, and being a â€Å"beast† is not accepted. Contrast this with the view of Jean-Jacques Rousseau. Rousseau was an Enlightenment philosopher, and wrote The Social Contract which heavily influenced the French Revolution: â€Å"Man is born free, and yet we see him everywhere in chains†(Rousseau, 5). He declared that humans in previous times were â€Å"noble savages†. That humans are ultimately naturally good, and it is â€Å"civilization† that turns hu man-kind into a savage beast. Thus, Rousseau argued that present-day humans should seek to restore the natural conditions in which they were created to live a more natural life. Both theorists argue the origins of power, each with their own arguments. To begin with, Hobbes’ and Rousseau’s views differ from each other in terms of the natural origin and state of mankind. Hobbes’ theory is largely based on the idea of â€Å"individualism†: that society can be explained by examining the individuals who form it. Consequently, Hobbes claimed that all humans are ultimatelyShow MoreRelatedInner Evil in Lord of the Flies by William Golding Essay620 Words   |  3 Pagesthey fear more than the beast. The beast is not a tangible object that can be killed or destroyed by conventional means, but an idea symbolizing the primal savage instincts within all people. 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